Malaria

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 98. Chapters: DDT, Camillo Golgi, Cinchona, Febris, History of malaria, Genetic resistance to malaria, Mass drug administration, Anopheles, Malaria vaccine, Hemozoin, Mosquito control, Intermittent preventive therapy, Indoor residual spraying, Malaria antigen detection tests, Unitaid, Mosquito laser, William Crawford Gorgas, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Ronald Ross, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Malaria culture, The Effect of Climate Change on Human Health Malaria, Bernardino Ramazzini, Jesuit's bark, Health measures during the construction of the Panama Canal, Malaria prophylaxis, Beauveria bassiana, Apicoplast, John Alexander Sinton, Patrick Manson, Giovanni Maria Lancisi, Millennium Foundation, Giovanni Battista Grassi, Malaria Awareness Day, Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, National Malaria Eradication Program, Malaria Atlas Project, Cuban fever, Albert Freeman Africanus King, Anopheles dirus, Pregnancy-associated malaria, Blackwater fever, Roman Fever, Samuel Rickard Christophers, MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference 2009, Global Malaria Action Plan, Vinckeia, Novyella, UCSC Malaria Genome Browser, Malaria and the Caribbean, Buffy coat, Sauramoeba, World Malaria Day, Giovannolaia, Carinamoeba, Gideon Mer, Haemamoeba, Hepatocystis muuli, Abu ul-Ala Shirazi, Fred Soper, Lacertaemoba, Huffia, Bennettinia, Fallisia siamense, Hildrus Poindexter, Paraplasmodium, Laverania, Asiamoeba, Schüffner's dots, Ophidiella, Hepatocystis carpenteri, Blantyre Coma Scale, Hepatocystis brosseti, Richard Tren, Hepatocystis hipposideri, Hepatocystis bainae, Hepatocystis perronae, Nyssorhynchus, Hepatocystis epomophori, Hepatocystis taiwanensis, René Rachou, Merozoite surface protein. Excerpt: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Americas. Malaria is very prevalent in these regions because they have significant amounts of rain fall and consistent hot temperatures. These warm, consistent temperatures and moisture provide mosquitos with the environment they need to breed continuously. The disease results from the multiplication of malaria parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases progressing to coma, and death. Four species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted by humans. Severe disease is largely caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is generally a milder disease that is rarely fatal. A fifth species, Plasmodium knowlesi, is a zoonosis that causes malaria in macaques but can also infect humans. Malaria transmission can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by distribution of inexpensive mosquito nets and insect repellents, or by mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and draining standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs. Although many are under development, the challenge of producing a widely available vaccine that provides a high level of protection for a sustained period is still to be met. Two drugs are also available to prevent malaria in travellers to malaria-endemic countries (prophylaxis). A variety of antimalarial medications are available. In the last 5 years, treatment of P. falciparum infections in endemic countries has been transformed...