FLOODING

This book examines advances in evaluating socio-economic impacts of flooding. By integrating perspectives from economics, geography, planning, and engineering, this volume assesses how floods affect business activity, human capital, and the distribution of risk across populations. The introductory chapter synthesizes literature across disciplines and highlights persistent gaps in measuring non-property losses, including indirect effects.The five contributed chapters provide empirical and methodological innovations aligned with these themes. Sun, Mann, and Skidmore analyze two decades of US data to uncover sectoral and spatial spillovers in small business activity. Sun, Noonan, and Richardson examine how alternative flood risk measures shape the distribution of exposure and insurance equity. Tonn and Czajkowski evaluate differences between pluvial and fluvial flood damages using national claims data and catastrophe modeling. Ahmed et al. investigate the short- and long-term impacts of flooding on school enrollment in Pakistan, highlighting gender and rural disparities. Finally, Essenfelder et al. demonstrate rapid, high-resolution pluvial risk assessment across 20 European cities using Earth observations. Together, the chapters advance understanding of how flood risks and impacts are measured, distributed, and managed in an era of intensifying hazards.