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This book develops a systems-based framework to analyze critical materials-lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements-as strategic drivers of global power. It moves beyond traditional scarcity narratives to show that vulnerability arises from structural factors such as supply concentration, dependency asymmetry, limited substitution, and midstream processing constraints.A central paradox defines the energy transition: reducing fossil fuel dependence while increasing reliance on a narrow set of minerals, creating new systemic risks. Using network modeling and scenario simulation, the book identifies supply chain chokepoints, assesses geopolitical exposure, and examines how resource nationalism and trade restrictions fragment global markets.It introduces a Global Conflict Risk Index (GCRI) based on four dimensions: supply concentration, substitution rigidity, network centrality, and dependency asymmetry. The findings highlight that resilience depends not on resource abundance alone but on system architecture-diversification, adaptive substitution, and coordinated governance.
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