Connectomic Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an established and highly efficacious treatment option for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease, Essential Tremor and Dystonia, but promising results have been shown in a growing number of brain diseases such as Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Alzheimer’s Disease and Pain. This book examines its impact on distributed brain networks that span across the human brain in parallel with modern-day neuroimaging concepts and the connectomics of the brain. This book asks several questions: To which cortical areas should DBS electrodes be connected in order to generate the highest possible clinical improvement? Which connections should be avoided in order to reduce side effects? Could these connectomic insights be used to better understand the mechanism of action of DBS? How can they be transferred to the individual patient undergoing surgery – will this bring forward a more personalized medicine in DBS? And finally, could these network modulation concepts be transferred to noninvasive treatment options such as multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation? This book is suitable for neuroscientists, neurologists, and functional surgeons studying DBS and provides practical advice on processing strategies and theoretical background highlighting and reviewing the current state-of-the-art in connectomic surgery. It also illustrates an outlook of what is to come, detailing practical advice on how to incorporate the introduced strategies by references to the Lead-DBS open-source software package that was specifically built to facilitate connectomic deep brain stimulation practices, and considered by many to be the “standard” in DBS imaging analyses. Written to provide a "hands-on" approach for neuroscience graduate students, as well as medical personel from the fields of neurology and neurosurgeryPreprocessing strategies (such as co-registration, normalization, lead localization, VTA estimation and fiber-tracking approaches) will be compared so user can select best technique for their experimentChapters include references (key articles, books, protocols) for additional detailed studyData Analysis boxes in each chapter help with data interpretation and offer guidelines on how best to represent resultsWalk-through boxes guide readers through the experiment within the Lead-DBS software package step-by-step