Embryos of vertebrates

This book consists of eight chapters. It focuses on the stages of embryonic development (reproduction, sperm, ova, fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, organogenesis, and hatching) in amphioxus, zebrafish, frogs, and poultry chicks. The book also examines the stages of embryonic development in albino rats (sperm, ova, estrus cycle, fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, implantation, gastrulation, morphogenesis, placentation, deciduation, umbilical cord, organogenesis, birth, lactation, and puberty), as well as methods for handling white rats in the laboratory. Furthermore, the book presents the advantages and importance of studying zebrafish, frogs, chickens, and white rats in the laboratory, the factors that influence embryonic development in general, and the key scientific terms in this field.